janet reid wrote:njc wrote: ... Neither end of the battery is referenced to ground. The two amplifier transistors (stacked at left) have their bases referenced to AC ground through capacitors. ...
So here comes the dumb questions ... .
Why do you have to use batteries i.e. can't connect to a power outlet? That way you don't have to account for different voltages. And is there any specific reason why you're building one from scratch? I'm guessing it's because you can't buy already built head amps anymore. Not sure if it has ever been a stock standard item that could've been bought.
I grew up with vinyls and turntables, my dad used to have one. But when I left home, CDs were already in play and I never owned one, so I know very little about them. And yes, I'm using ignorant as a valid excuse! 
Not dumb. Just not attentive enough 
Ignorance of vinyl isn't the issue. The key point is in the box above. The two sides of the voltage source that powers the thing float. Neither is fixed with respect to ground.
This means that the left and right channels need separate power supplies. Can this be done off the AC mains? Sure, using transformers. And as Leach explains, someone built and sold a version powered by photovoltaic cells illuminated inside the box by an incandescent light.
But you need two separate supplies and you have the additional problem of keeping the 60Hz hum out of the amplifier and also keeping external rf noise from creeping in. It can be done, but it's more engineering, and mmore time. And there's something audiophile-appealing about a circuit so exotic it -must- be powered by batteries. Even the little regulating stuff I added will raise the noise floor a bit.
Not too much, I hope. I'm building one channel on the final board now. I also have more physical design work (and 30 minutes or so with a cutoff wheel, and more time with a drill and taps ...) before I can close the box up and try it for real.
I can't work this fast.