Re: Punctuation
Charles_F_Bell wrote:Memphis Trace wrote:Without meaning outside is not archaic, let alone archaic. See definitions 4-10: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/without?s=t Where do you get your "vast numbers of English speakers" would not understand using without to mean outside? Imposing your limited understanding of the language, can only serve to keep you wallowing in the archives.
How is the woman being outside and the man being nothing, either weird or unfathomable in the context I presented? To wit: Minnie went somewhere with her girlfriends for a night out; Riley stayed home and can't even find the fixins for a sammich.
Memphis Trace
Cite and quote any such like "the woman is without" after the 18th century in which without is an adverb. Okay, I'll give you one from Dickens: "Once he had to stand without the door, and display a flag..." and we can guess together just how many good readers will not pause to think that actually does not mean the poor guy had no door behind which to stand. It is weird to any good reader and unfathomable to the barely literate --- today's average college student --- and your example inserts from nowhere a whole panoply of external information to decipher "The woman is without, and her man is nothing."
Moreover, one can discern just how archaic, though not obsolete, an English word is by trying to find the equivalent in another language. French, German, Spanish, Russian all translate without as an English adverb the same only as the English word outside but the English preposition exactly as their own : sin la puerta; sans la porte; ohne die Tür --- there being no adverb that is not literally outside in their typical dictionaries. Draußen vor der Tür by Dürrenmatt, for example, cannot be translated as Without the Door which can only be translated into German as Ohne der Tür, not what Dürrenmatt meant.
You seem bent on limiting your word usage to situations not requiring context. Pick any word and you can make it ambiguous without context.
The example I gave you—Minnie went somewhere with her girlfriends for a night out; Riley stayed home and can't even find the fixins for a sammich.—was the context for which using without in the original short sentence would have been efficient, elegant, modern, and unambiguous to any wino on the street. The way I know that to be the case is it raises the ire in a workshop environment of an eager grammarian ill-informed of what he has in his archives.
Absent context, I suppose your example from Dickens could be humorously ambiguous. However, since you were able to figure it out despite your faux bemusement, I can only assume there was sufficient context around it to render it accessible to any interested reader.
Has without in this sense been ruled officially archaic in the archives of eager linguists? Do you know whereof you speak?
It is precisely the context of word usage that is used for 'archaic' or not, and without appears as an adverb enough in literature in the last century in a statistical sense to not officially consider it archaic, but it is also reasonable to take that context only in fine literature , rarely, if ever, in spoken language in the last century, that one may judge the word, if not dead, then last-rites dying. I have mixed in educated and barely-educated circles in two English-speaking countries (three, if you must count Canada) and never once heard the word spoken in that context, and I would remember if I did because it causes a puzzlement by its rarity.