njc wrote:We are, in the old language, rational animals. It took a long time for the 'rational' part to happen, and even longer for it to take hold. Imputing motive, as the word 'patriarchy' does, cannot fit the actual play of cause-and-effect that brought us to this point.
But "patriarchal" refers to the system of the patriarch, which was an enormous part of our history in Europe and America. The Christian God was a patriarch, and the king was his little patriarch, and the head of the household (father/husband) was the baby patriarch. It was the medieval order. Everything else was property, and to break with the system was to defy God. So women were as children, as servants, as objects. If you can think of a better word than "patriarchal" to describe the social system which put men in charge and made women legally and historically invisible (but socially scrutinized), I'll be applauding you for rallying to change it. I can't think of a better word at this point. Maybe as the history continues to be analyzed and assessed by both men and women, a different word will be born.
It (sounds like) you may see "patriarchal" as a reference to something earlier in history, when women fell into the natural role of nurturer, and men acted as protector? (Sorry of I've misinterpreted you.) That's not what I'm referring to. I'm referring to the actual social order which pinched away women's rights and voices until they were invisible.
There's a book by Gerda Lerner I really want to read, called The Creation of Patriarchy, which may help me better describe what I refer to when I say "patriarchal." (I'm) referring to the idea that laws (in our western history, and currently today in other places) happened through men, and these laws until very recently denied women a public voice, removed from them their property upon marriage, removed from them their name (and their mother's name) upon marriage, and created an economic situation which required a woman to marry to be supported, to spend her entire life economically dependent on her husband, and to be trapped within a situation which forced her to do and say what would please her husband -- because if he left her, she had no power, no recourse, and no hope. Legally her husband could take her children. Legally she could be kept stupefied (what university would take her in the nineteenth century?) I understand that there were exceptions (brothers often taught their sisters), but the system left women socially and economically pinched. Literature from the past was usually published by men. History recorded male exploits. If a woman spoke too aggressively against such a system, she was scorned because her role within the system was intimately tied to religion and family. The Christian religion insisted she keep her mouth closed and be "a good little wife." Her role as "mother" was placed on a pedestal. She was told that to be an angel was her lot in life, and anything else was satanic. If she chose not to marry? She was a laughingstock. If she left her husband? She had stolen his property. If he chose to rape her? She was his property. She was, in short, enslaved.
When I say "patriarchal," I'm referring to the social system which did this to women. I don't mean "a patriarchal system benefiting those ghoulish men, past, present, and future! POWER TO THE WOMEN. Let us be outraged." I mean "a society constructed around the idea that the man (patriarch) was the head of the household, and that a woman had no need for voice, education or money, because a man could do all that for her, and he called that protection, and she had no voice to call it otherwise" -- shades of which can still be seen in the generic "he", in the continued absence of women from history books, in the uneven pay rate in America and I assume elsewhere (which some say is a myth, but I personally experienced), in the fiction which continues to suggest that a woman's only tale/role is the love story (we're beginning to get past this), in the continuing idea that a woman who speaks out against all this is out of order somehow -- breaking out of her role.
If you are curious, you might read a bit of Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. For writing it, she was called a "hyena in petticoats." But all she was really suggesting within the (1792) essay was that women were not actually as stupid or silly as men seemed to believe they were. For goodness sake, educate them, and you'd find them abundantly willing to learn. Society was disgusted with such a claim and felt certain she was heading England toward revolution. And that she was a bitch.
I know (and passionately believe) that all sorts of different strengths and weaknesses contributed to our history. I honor the efforts well beyond the women's role in our history. Right now I am particularly interested in the women's role simply because I have begun to notice how often it has been omitted from books. That doesn't mean I'm not equally interested, for example, in the story of the boy who headed off to war in 1915. Or the struggles of the father who worked endlessly to try to provide for his family. Or the plight of the enslaved man who rallied himself to freedom. Or the many, many men who conducted themselves with honor within such a system, or the many, many (countless) people who simply existed, unaware that the system was there and just trying to keep alive.
I hope we can develop better words to describe history as we discover and analyze it, and as language evolves. "Patriarchal" sounds like the right word to me? But perhaps that's because a better word has yet to be invented.
Cheers.