Topic: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

Hi.

I'm trying to create a mental disease that strikes one of my characters in a sci-fi future set in 4017. I was hoping to make the disease a side-effect of genetic engineering that cannot be undone.

1. Is it possible to tinker with our DNA to such an extent that the side-effect becomes essentially permanent (e.g., a series of interdependent gene changes that are too complex to unravel just the gene causing the mental disease, without also causing a cascade of other, more serious side-effects)?

OR

2. Can I make it simple, such as making genetic changes to fight off a fatal disease, which results in the mental disease as a side-effect?

Thanks.
Dirk

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

Thanks, dagnee. I'll wait to see if anyone on the site has any knowledge on the subject and then contact DiSalvo with (hopefully) intelligent questions.

I do plan to keep the mental illness a secret from most of the character's family and the galaxy at large, as I do currently. However, my previous attempt at this fell apart after several chapters. I'm hoping to avoid that in my next draft.

Thanks for the lead.
Dirk

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

What is the nature of the mental illness?

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

The character, Apollo, experiences tremors in his left hand and forearm, especially when he is under stress. Tentatively, it's called Trembler's disease. There's no known cure and the only way to control it is with narcotics. By the time the story gets rolling, Apollo is already an addict.

The mental disease plays into a larger theme in the story about Apollo and his cousin, Joseph, both secretly hearing the voice of God, their reactions to him, and the consequences for the galaxy.

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

If you're positing genetic enhancement, you can make up almost any problem you like  You could, for example, decide that the enhancements overload the base design and that problems result from imbalance.  You could have certain problems, like synesthesia, relatively common and no question of shame.  You could extend that to sensory experience of abstract reasoning, again moderately common.  What mores do you want the shame over the aberration to reflect?  Is it shame at being different, or shame at weakness (an inability to learn arithmetic?) or is it a moral failing, or perhaps something like Multiple Personality Disorder?  Or maybe a version of MPD where all the 'personalities' share the same memory, but their evaluation of it (happiness, sorrow, ...) differs?

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

The disease manifests as noted above, resulting in visible trembling, which can be taken as a sign of mental illness. Apollo comes from a long line of psychopathic emperors who routinely overthrow each other using the family motto for cover: Only the mentally fit shall rule! Apollo has a half-brother who wants the throne but is not in the direct line of succession, so he's looking for an excuse to move against Apollo.

There are many ways I could represent this, including a disease that's not well understood but is believed to be the result of long-term genetic engineering. With that sentence alone, I'm halfway home. I could stop there, but I'd like to throw in a little genetic depth, on the order of a paragraph.

For example, if the illness is the result of genetic engineering that modified a single gene who's only other known purpose is to, say, improve night vision, then you stop messing with that gene in humans, and the illness goes away. If, however, the gene change(s) provide the only known defense against the "Ebola" of the fifth millenium, then there is no alternative. Again, I could stop there.

However, I'd like to make it so fundamental to genetically-engineered humans that there is no way to change the gene(s) in question without a cascade of deadly effects from other, dependent genes that have also been messed with. Essentially, is it possible to construct a house of cards from which there is no realistic hope of return?

My second question I can probably research on my own, which is how is gene therapy able to alter all copies of a defective gene in a body with trillions of cells that are constantly dividing?

Ideas?
Dirk

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

Posit that the modifications came in steps, each dependent on a breakthrough in understanding and technique.  By the time of the fifth or sixth step, they were doing things that would be fatal to unmodified humans.  For example, the ability to detoxify various natural poisons relied on new liver pathways to handle the unused detox enzymes.  Or enhanced hemoglobin-oxygen transport relies on improved detox in the liver.

And the various parts of each step are closely intertwined, too, because of the Principle of Parsimony (see which), which you can invoke yourself.

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

Nice! So there is a potential cascade effect.
Good to know.

Thanks
Dirk

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

Looks like njc's got you covered, Dirk. smile Good luck!

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

Thank you, Karin.

11

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

Be sure to read up on the Principle of Parsimony.  That's why everything is interrelated.

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

Lets see, you are writing a book about 4017, and you want to be genetically accurate?   Duh, what's wrong with this picture Dirk.  LOL,  Mike

13 (edited by njc 2015-06-02 22:07:00)

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

I refer you to G. K . Chesterton's The Curse of the Golden Cross:

"Not at all," replied the priest calmly;"it's not the supernatural part I doubt. It's the natural part. I'm exactly in the position of the man who said, 'I can believe the impossible, but not the improbable'.''

To keep us suspending disbelief when we must, you have to let us work from what existing belief you can.

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

That's a cool quote.

Mike, I just want more than "It's a mental illness and there is no cure." I'm hoping to make it a genetic change that can't be altered because, as NJC, suggested, the change would be incompatible with the human body in that future era because of too much tinkering.

I'll probably include a galaxy-wide ban on genetic engineering, enacted some time in the 22nd or 23rd century after too many severe side-effects come to light that can't be undone. Apollo's illness will just be one more resulting illness. A ban on genetic engineering will explain why humans in 4017 aren't genetically-engineered supermen, which seems to be where we're headed.

Thanks to all. I'll follow up on some of the posts to this thread.

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

I found a really simple example that demonstrated the Principle of Parsimony for evolution. I knew about Occam's razor, but it never occured to me that it applied so well to the construction of evolutionary trees. Cool. Thank you, NJC.

16 (edited by Norm d'Plume 2015-06-03 04:44:40)

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

Now to put this baby on steroids!

As mentioned in my earlier post, genetic engineering of humans will be banned some time in the next few hundred years because of too many unintended side effects, including Apollo's incurable Trembler's disease. I was hoping to make the cause for the ban huge, big enough to scare the human race from ever resuming engineering on humans.

Specifically, I've always wondered if it was possible to genetically engineer ourselves into sterility that doesn't show for a few generations. Billions of people potentially becoming evolutionary dead ends. Probably the result of providing resistance against an ebola-like worldwide epidemic. The unintended consequence would be a great reason for a universal ban. They'll call it God's Law (i.e., don't mess with creation).

Can anyone envision a scenario as to how that might work?

Thanks.
Dirk

17

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

Have to think about it.

By the way, GKC is the most quotable writer since Shakespeare.  You can find a bunch on the site of the American Chesterton Society.

18 (edited by Gods Ghost 2015-06-03 12:54:55)

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

Most gene therapies are introduced via virus. If a virus carrying a gene therapy were to mutate, it could potentially result in a worldwide outbreak (even an intentional one). Just a thought.

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

Norm d'Plume wrote:

Now to put this baby on steroids!

As mentioned in my earlier post, genetic engineering of humans will be banned some time in the next few hundred years because of too many unintended side effects, including Apollo's incurable Trembler's disease. I was hoping to make the cause for the ban huge, big enough to scare the human race from ever resuming engineering on humans.

Specifically, I've always wondered if it was possible to genetically engineer ourselves into sterility that doesn't show for a few generations. Billions of people potentially becoming evolutionary dead ends. Probably the result of providing resistance against an ebola-like worldwide epidemic. The unintended consequence would be a great reason for a universal ban. They'll call it God's Law (i.e., don't mess with creation).

Can anyone envision a scenario as to how that might work?

Thanks.
Dirk

Dirk, I'd suggest looking at how "terminator technology" works in genetically modified crops. This is genetic modification that kills seeds, rendering GM crops infertile. It was intentionally introduced as a mechanism to keep GM crops from reproducing themselves. GM technology has also been used to produce sterile insects. For example, to control mosquitoes, GM males are released and mate with females. The resulting offspring (larvae) produce a toxin early in their development that results in self-destruction, thereby reducing the mosquito population. Given the cascade effects discussed earlier, I think you could build on these examples and come up with an idea as to how genetic modification in humans might inadvertently lead to sterility.

Note that in both cases mentioned (crops and insects), sterility results not from a lack of gametes (sperm & egg), but from the offspring dying prematurely. This could be a particularly nasty kind of sterility to incorporate in a work of fiction, where what the human population experiences is massive miscarriages, and perhaps some terrible side effects for the mothers, because the fetuses are producing a toxin that causes death.

20 (edited by Norm d'Plume 2015-06-03 22:12:59)

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

Karin et al, thanks for the additional info. I'll start hunting where you suggest.

Following is the part I'm most unclear about. Let's say that most men and women are innoculated via gene therapy against a highly contagious and fatal disease. Everything seems fine. People go back to their normal lives and start having babies who are now probably carriers of the modified gene by inheriting it from their parents. Those children have babies, etc.

How might the modified gene eventually cause sterility or defective babies several generations beyond the original innoculation? I understand the basics of DNA from the parents combining after conception, but not how such a defect would creep in after a few generations.

Thanks.
Dirk

21 (edited by max keanu 2015-06-04 00:10:03)

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

Norm d'Plume wrote:

The character, Apollo, experiences tremors in his left hand and forearm, especially when he is under stress. Tentatively, it's called Trembler's disease. There's no known cure and the only way to control it is with narcotics. By the time the story gets rolling, Apollo is already an addict.

The mental disease plays into a larger theme in the story about Apollo and his cousin, Joseph, both secretly hearing the voice of God, their reactions to him, and the consequences for the galaxy.


RE: experiences tremors in his left hand and forearm, especially when he is under stress. GEEZ... I have this disease, it's called CIDP. There is no known permanent cure, however there are treatments. I received a REPORT TO MEMBER (Blue Shield) recently, concerning the treatment, the cost for one month: $42,970. I've had 25 months of treatments, and need these treatments for the rest of my life.
.
I can't stop the treatment (IvIgG) or I revert back to a whining garden slug who can't take a breath or shit or escape the pain. The tremors are called fasciculations and they look like snakes continuously crawling under the skin (24/7/365), or sometimes a single snaking twitch that travels all the way up and down a muscle system for days on end. ALS has the same fasciculations, but these can't be stopped or cured. With treatment my fasciculations calm down to become tiny little earth worms crawling under my skin with no permanent damage, again 24/7/365. Still, I look like a freak with my shirt off as I have fasciculation in symmetrical configurations (from hell!) mainly in my deltoids and trapezoids and lesser ones elsewhere.

There is a rare mental component to CIDP, and I know exactly what it is and how it happens. In ALS there is definitely a mental component of the disease. Horrible beyond belief I think... BTW- I was diagnosed with ALS, but revised to CIDP.

When I relapse (about 8 days each month) I hear the voice of God telling me to grin and bear it... but I usually can't!  I take massive amount of pain killers, but the pain for those 8 days is beyond anything that you can image PAIN is or could be.

Gee, I really went off on a tirade here... guess I needed to.

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

Max, I'm very sorry about your health problems. Feel free to go off on tirades any time you like. PM me if you want and we can trade horror stories. :-) For my own demons, I tend to incorporate them into my two main characters. As a result, they are two very screwed up characters, increasing with each chapter.

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

Assuming I can figure out a way to accidentally sterilize a few billion people with a hurriedly engineered vaccine against an ebola-like pandemic, I can also use that as my humanitarian disaster that brings society to its knees in 2071 A.D. No more need for a separate disaster from a runaway computer virus unleashed by the NSA.

I could make the vaccinated humans the ones who are sterilized, although I think that would be noticed before the vaccination got far. Ideally, it's the children or grandchildren who should be sterile, so there's no way to stop the disaster once it becomes known. I don't use an ebola-like disease to wipe out billions because I also need a reason why humans would impose a permanent ban against genetic engineering, preferably this century.

Worst case, I could have a genetically-engineered virus with a lengthy incubation period escape from a medical lab, not unlike the morons who just shipped live anthrax around the world.

dagnee, I haven't forgotten about David DiSalvo. I just wanted to wait until I understand the genetic process better.

Thanks to all who can help.
Dirk

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

I think this may be easier than I thought. Most of us are carriers of one disease or another due to recessive genes. It's only when you pair up two recessive genes that you get an actual disease. Given that, I think it would be easy to create an effect with an undertested vaccine. You vaccinate the population in one generation causing recessive gene damage in that generation, leading to a pair of damaged genes in 25% of the offspring, who then have an actual disease. In this case, the disease is sterility.

How's my logic?
Dirk

Re: Geneticist required for 4017 A.D.

I've been watching this thread for a while and find it interesting that most folks seem to think you actually need some type technical explanation. Pretty much the exact same scenario happened on an episode of the TV series Stargate. An advanced civilization sterilized an entire planet in order to take over the resources when all the inhabitants finally died out. They were going to do the same thing to Earth until the heroes found out their scheme and stopped it just in time of course.

There was no technical explanation given other than the "gift" would eliminate all disease (which it did also - the carrot for the acceptance of the people - while making them unknowingly sterile) but the effect was clearly shown through the results. By the time the curse was realized, it was too late; the whole population died out and the aliens had a new planet to strip without firing a bullet OR explanation. The non technical aspect didn't detract or diminish the storyline and if you don't have a specific technical cause, you don't have to worry about making future convoluted explanations for any discrepancies, etc. which might arrive. Just a thought. Take care. Vern