Re: The Archangel Syndrome

Hmm. I think neutrinos are a bust. Spent way too much time on this already, but if each neutrino has one millionth the mass of an electron (an approximate upper limit on its mass) and we could catch neutrinos and convert their mass to energy using E=mc^2, we would need 1.33 x 10^27 neutrinos to equal the energy we get out of one gallon of gas (enough to light one 60W lightbulb for about 23 days). But, if a neutrino has only one billionth the mass of an electron (could be since the lower bound is unknown), we'd need 10^30 of them to match a gallon of gas.

The sun only puts out 2 x 10^26 neutrinos per second. Which means, if a neutrino weighs one millionth that of an electron, it would take 176 years (5.55 billion seconds) for the sun to emit enough neutrinos to equal a gallon of gas. I'm pretty sure my math is right, but 176 years is so long, I no longer trust some of the underlying numbers I got off the web. There's no way you could use neutrinos to power cell phones and EVs, as suggested in an article I read, if those numbers are right. One possibility is that the cell phones/EVs can convert some of the neutrinos' energy (they move at almost the speed of light) into a form our electronics can use. Not sure how much energy that is, though.

I'd still rather not use fusion for the big military ships since fusion doesn't cause the reactor to implode to a singularity and then explode like a mini bang when there is a containment breach, which is something I need for the battles. I do use fusion for small ships and flying cars, which don't blow up that way, even when Leonardo is driving.

The other alternative is simply to leave the big ship's powertrons totally unexplained. I would have saved myself a day if I'd gone that way. I'm going to leave it like that and wait to see if I come up with a better idea.

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There's no way you could use neutrinos to power cell phones and EVs, as suggested in an article I read

Hmm, well the logical extension here is that cell phones and EVs consume less power

The original idea (of converting a neutrino into heat energy (used to boil water to turn microscopic turbines?)) may be a bit flawed in retrospect, yet the concept has some merit

128 (edited by Dirk B. 2024-01-29 11:01:39)

Re: The Archangel Syndrome

Well, if the sun only puts out enough neutrinos every 176 years to equal the energy of a gallon of gasoline, then those cell phones and EVs better sip that gas very sparingly. :-) I think my problem is in the underlying numbers. I got some of them from Alexa, which didn't always quote sources I would necessarily trust if I was googling for the same info. This could be an example of the Alexa AI relying on crappy sources, which Open AI admits is a general problem. And of course, as companies all scramble to integrate AI and use it to answer questions based on shitty sources, googling will increasingly return crappy search results, which is already a known problem even without AI.

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Saw this recently: https://www.sciencealert.com/tapping-in … nsane-bomb

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This process can in theory extract up to 20 percent of the black hole's mass energy,

Curious how they arrived at this number

Using some kind of electromagnetic or physical confinement mirrors

wait, what?

runaway effect where particle energy amplifies particle energy in a feedback look

loop*

It would be similar to Hawking radiation, but in this case, it doesn't rely upon quantum gravity.

Isn't this an imposed variant on his research?

131 (edited by Dirk B. 2024-02-01 05:27:12)

Re: The Archangel Syndrome

Thanks, njc. I started reading it but had to spend the rest of the day dealing with other people's f-ups. I'll finish the rest of the article later this week. If other people only did their jobs the way they're supposed to, we'd all have a lot more free time, and companies could shrink their call centers.

For example, a few months ago, I tried logging into the Alberta government's portal, which allows us mortals to perform functions without having to deal with chronically understaffed call centers. Well, for some reason, my new computer (HP Win11 Chrome) kept getting an error 429 when I tried to log in, reset my password, recover my username, etc. Useful error message if ever I saw one. So, I called the call center (non-IT folks) who asked a few questions, including whether or not I have another computer. Turns out I do - a Chromebook. So I trundled downstairs to try it, and it worked. At that point, the tech guru at the call center concluded the problem lay with my PC and I'd have to call the manufacturer. When I pointed out that my HP works perfectly with thousands of websites I'd visited since buying it, he insisted there was nothing that could be done at their end. When I asked to speak with someone in IT to do more troubleshooting, he said there was no one he could transfer me to, and repeated that I'd have to speak to the manufacturer. Can you imagine the call with HP Support: My HP doesn't work with Alberta.ca's login page, although it works everywhere else, but the highly technical call center folks insisted it must be a hardware problem. tongue

Fortunately, there is another way to contact support, which is through email. So, I sent them an email and made my case, including the fact that just because their software works with some PCs, doesn't mean the problem isn't on their side. I eventually got an email back (an electronic form letter), which explained some possible causes of error 429, and things to try, up to and including reinstalling Windows. Can you imagine? I went so far as the step to reinstall my browser but then stopped. I emailed back that I had tried everything (a fib, I know) and asked what else they suggest. That was the last I heard from them. About two weeks later, I tried logging in again, and lo and behold, it worked. I guess whatever hardware problem was causing the error must have self-corrected. :-)

This is the kind of crap I was dealing with all day. :-(
Dirk

132 (edited by Dirk B. 2024-02-02 07:04:26)

Re: The Archangel Syndrome

I decided to treat the article that speculated about neutrinos powering cell phones and EVs as a not-so-crazy idea, rather than waste another day trying to calculate if it's actually possible. As a result, my powertrons have become neutrino-to-energy reactors, usually referred to as neutrino boilers, or just boilers. The origin of "boilers" comes from the fact that when a neutrino reactor is breached, it implodes into a singularity and then explodes like a mini-bang, with plasma temperatures reaching 250M degrees (now that'll heat your water!). I don't intend to explain how a neutrino-to-energy reactor works, though. The name should make it pretty obvious what it does, which is all I need for a Lucas-ian space opera (the s--t just works; don't bore people by trying to invent hokey explanations for impossible tech).

I may, however, mention in the Galactipedia article on FTL travel that if a ship's atreidite-based reserves (batteries) are drained (e.g., in battle) and the ship is too far from a major source of neutrinos, then the vessel can become marooned in space, unable to power the boiler and recharge the atreidite. That adds a nice element of risk to space travel, although primarily for vessels forced to move away from a major neutrino source (e.g., a star). That could be military vessels engaged in combat, civilian ships fleeing pirates, etc. In those situations you better hope your atreidite-powered interstellar drones are fully charged to go for help. And since drones can't carry huge reactors, they can only make a limited number of jumps before they run out of power.

133 (edited by George FLC 2024-02-02 15:17:33)

Re: The Archangel Syndrome

Dirk B. wrote:

I may, however, mention in the Galactipedia article on FTL travel that if a ship's atreidite-based reserves (batteries) are drained (e.g., in battle) and the ship is too far from a major source of neutrinos, then the vessel can become marooned in space, unable to power the boiler and recharge the atreidite. That adds a nice element of risk to space travel, although primarily for vessels forced to move away from a major neutrino source (e.g., a star). That could be military vessels engaged in combat, civilian ships fleeing pirates, etc. In those situations you better hope your atreidite-powered interstellar drones are fully charged to go for help. And since drones can't carry huge reactors, they can only make a limited number of jumps before they run out of power.

Interesting points. I like the added risk factor. Can the smaller vessels use "cables" to recharge the mother ship? Even if it's only a limited charge, it could be useful. Every car (spaceship) should have a set of cables. Can the larger ships recharge others?

134 (edited by Dirk B. 2024-02-02 16:29:19)

Re: The Archangel Syndrome

There would have to be some way to "refuel" the batteries from an external source, otherwise a call for help wouldn't be able to rescue a ship, just the people. I suppose towing is also a possibility to get a ship back to the local star, assuming there is one. Not things I'm likely to go into detail on, though.

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have become neutrino-to-energy reactors, usually referred to as neutrino boilers, or just boilers

"boilers" may prove confusing to a lay-reader given your boilers aren't actually boiling but converting

136 (edited by Dirk B. 2024-02-02 16:39:13)

Re: The Archangel Syndrome

True. I currently explain the term boilers late in act one, which may not be soon enough. I don't want to stop to explain the term mid-battle in act one, so a different name may be appropriate, although I like boiler. I currently use neutrino-to-energy reactor when I first introduce the concept, neutrino reactor for most of the narration and for Brain's dialogue, whereas most humans refer to it as boiler. I even considered calling engineering the boiler room. :-)

137 (edited by Dirk B. 2024-02-18 00:53:14)

Re: The Archangel Syndrome

Following is for chapter 1, quickly explaining the term boiler as part of a destroyer's description. All other details can wait until the end of act one, where I show a ship imploding-exploding in battle for the first time.

The hull of each destroyer, which resembled an elegant broad-bladed dagger, consisted of many layers of blast-resistant steel, or blasteel. The bridge was centered atop the “blade,” while at the vessel’s rear, located side-by-side, lay engineering and the huge neutrino-to-energy reactor, often referred to as a boiler for its ability to cook almost anything in the universe when ruptured.

I think it works.

138 (edited by Dirk B. 2024-02-18 06:47:03)

Re: The Archangel Syndrome

Looks like a complete description of hypercannons is still way too complicated to explain in the middle of a battle:

“Each gun actually consists of two barrels, Admiral, one mounted inside the other. The mouth of the inner barrel is equivalent in size to a supernova cannon. The outer barrel is three times that width. It appears each gun involves firing two different beams at the same target, although there is no way to ascertain yet if the two beams fire simultaneously.
“Assuming the inner barrel is indeed a supernova, then the outer barrel is unlike any weapon previously deployed by either the Colonies or Imperium. Given the fundamental scaling limits on nova technology, the outer barrel must be something entirely different. The guns are not yet energized but are heavily shielded.”
...
“Based on their fluctuating energy signatures, other characteristics, and my knowledge of relevant research, I believe those are hypercannons — weapons able to fire through hyperspace, specifically the fourth spatial dimension. If I’m correct, then the outer barrel of each gun will be used to create an opening into hyperspace, while the inner barrel would fire a supernova blast into that dimension.”
“Fire at what?”
Us, Admiral! Although our ship is not technically present in the fourth dimension, we do intersect with it. Just as a point bisects a line, and a line bisects a square, our ship bisects a hypershape surrounding us in 4D space. It is theorized by military researchers that if a powerful enough energy beam, a supernova blast in this case, were fired at that hypershape and crossed our intersection with it, the energy would immediately return to spacetime and strike our hull, having completely bypassed our shields by coming at us from the fourth dimension. We have no defense against that except the hull itself.”
St. James looked at the captain and the colonel, eyes wide. “If they can bypass our shields, the Colonial Fleet would be in grave danger!”

By the process of elimination, I'm going with my original idea of some kind of energy beams that can "push" through a target's shields as if the shields don't exist (like neutrinos through matter), resulting in the beam hitting the hull directly. Seems rather like magic, but I no longer care.

Re: The Archangel Syndrome

I don't remember if this was mentioned... How about if the shield reduces the energy beams by some amount, say a 20% reduction? Or if you pick something like a 50% reduction then the ships really have to duke it out before damage can be done. That might reduce the magic level.

140 (edited by Dirk B. 2024-02-20 00:38:44)

Re: The Archangel Syndrome

I have to be careful not to make the first two chapters even longer. I currently have each of St. James's ships hit twice. The first time it does a lot of damage to the three ships, but not enough to fully cripple them. The second time, it hits like a bomb under the bridge of the Almighty (it shears off a big chunk of the main part of the vessel). Including the sister ships, that makes for a total of six strikes, most of them different in the specific damage they cause, so there is pretty good variety as far as trying to describe/keep the battle interesting. A 20% reduction could work, although it wouldn't really change much about the battle, but it might seem more realistic. For example, perhaps the Hercules ups the amount of energy it produces for the beams as part of the second strikes in order to really damage the Colonial ships. Doing so also damages (overloads?) the neutrino reactor onboard the Hercules, although not enough to fully cripple it (she loses all ability to fire weapons and engage her stardrive, but she can still maneuver at sublight).

I've been skimming a few articles on energy frequencies, since shields are really just energy. I could perhaps explain the superweapon by stating that it requires a huge amount of energy to produce beams powerful enough at "extreme frequencies" to do real damage, frequencies outside the range of what ordinary shields are designed to protect against since they were never intended to repel beams at those frequencies since nova/supernova weapons can't produce them. It requires too much energy to do so, which the Hercules is only barely able to produce six times before its neutrino reactor is damaged.

Some technobabble cacas like that. The alternative to frequency babble might be to use "phase" babble, the physics of which would remain conveniently undefined.

141 (edited by Dirk B. 2024-03-14 04:58:20)

Re: The Archangel Syndrome

After way too many hours wasted on the opening battle's superweapon, I decided the weapon can alter the fired photons in some way (e.g., forcing them into some previously unknown state) which can pass around other electromagnetic particles unimpeded (e.g., shields), but are stopped by matter (e.g., a ship's hull), causing the latter to go boom! Am I done?

Of course, this assumes that sci-fi weapon blasts are simply a lot of photons.

Can anyone tell me if this impossible weapon is even remotely close to real physics? Naturally, this would cause hard sci-fi fans to vomit, but my target audience is space opera fans.

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forcing them into some previously unknown state

Physics says we've discovered all possible states of matter. When we find some new state, we'll need to reinvent the entire discipline.

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Dirk B. wrote:

Naturally, this would cause hard sci-fi fans to vomit, but my target audience is space opera fans.

Don't target hard sci-fi... this is not that story. Space opera is your market.

Hard sci-fi is 100% about the explainable. Everything else is magic. A story gets very little wriggle room outside the unexplainable.

Story: We change matter-energy to a previously unknown state
Hard-sci-fi: What's the name of the state?
Story: A new state. One that fits [X] requirement.
Hard-sci-fi: But [X] is impossible according to our current understanding of the universe
Story: Extrapolate: Some new rule current rules cannot explain
Hard-sci-fi: Well, current rules cannot explain it. It's magic

Re: The Archangel Syndrome

Actually, I was referring to energy, not matter. "State" is probably a bad term for energy. Since the fired energy beams are just photons, I'm hoping to add some non-existent "phase" that energy can be in, which has yet to be discovered. I'm going to have to dig into photons, though, to see where I might be able to add some B.S. property or phase to it. My previous writeup had the fired energy come and go from our dimension based on something the weapon did to the energy.

145 (edited by Dirk B. 2024-03-14 06:19:00)

Re: The Archangel Syndrome

Kdot wrote:
Dirk B. wrote:

Naturally, this would cause hard sci-fi fans to vomit, but my target audience is space opera fans.

Don't target hard sci-fi... this is not that story. Space opera is your market.

Hard sci-fi is 100% about the explainable. Everything else is magic. A story gets very little wriggle room outside the unexplainable.

Story: We change matter-energy to a previously unknown state
Hard-sci-fi: What's the name of the state?
Story: A new state. One that fits [X] requirement.
Hard-sci-fi: But [X] is impossible according to our current understanding of the universe
Story: Extrapolate: Some new rule current rules cannot explain
Hard-sci-fi: Well, current rules cannot explain it. It's magic

That's why I said my target audience is space opera fans. Right now, I'm just looking for a place to slip in/bolt on property X to superweapons fire that allows it to pass through shields but not matter. It's a replacement for mattergy, which I always knew I would toss from the story once I came up with something better. It'll only be used in chapter one. I just need to be careful that my cacas doesn't outright contradict well-known facts about physics.

I definitely should have taken physics in high school and university, though. I could have done a minor in physics or even math, although I don't recall if I even knew about minors back then.

Re: The Archangel Syndrome

I studied physics in high school and college. I'm probably a blend between hard core and space opera. I enjoy Star Wars but PLEASE, I want to see the energy source of the light saber and how it works... but they really look cool!

There are 4 classic states of matter and lots of non-classic states (wiki). And they list proposed states of matter. There might be some wiggle room for a new state. How about interdimensional matter? And maybe even more states.

Re: The Archangel Syndrome

Ever hear of the triple point? From Wiki:

In thermodynamics, the triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

With this in mind...
Can you create a triple point or quad point for your weapon to operate at? The degenerate-plasma-quark state blast smashes into the shield. All of those are listed as states of matter. It's strictly made up! I'm combining different states of matter with triple point.

148 (edited by Dirk B. 2024-03-14 20:19:49)

Re: The Archangel Syndrome

I don't think such a weapon satisfies my story requirements. Firing the weapon just a few times drains the ship of energy, including all the reserves stored in atreidite. To continue firing, you have to be willing to drive your neutrino reactor beyond its safety limits. I'm talking about a reactor big enough and powerful enough to power the needs of an entire dreadnought (the Hercules).

The weapon I've currently defined requires that the Hercules somehow converts the energy into some state/phase that allows the fired weapon's quanta of energy to pass through the shields and thereby slam St. James's destroyers as if they had no shields, pretty much crippling all three ships with just a couple of shots each.

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Quanrum Tunneling with some handwavium to let 90% or more of the energy through.

Re: The Archangel Syndrome

Thanks, NJC. I'll look it up in the morning.