Topic: Kurt Vonnegut: Eight rules for writing fiction

Kurt Vonnegut
Eight rules for writing fiction:

1. Use the time of a total stranger in such a way that he or she will not feel the time was wasted.

2. Give the reader at least one character he or she can root for.

3. Every character should want something, even if it is only a glass of water.

4. Every sentence must do one of two things -- reveal character or advance the action.

5. Start as close to the end as possible.

6. Be a sadist. Now matter how sweet and innocent your leading characters, make awful things happen to them -- in order that the reader may see what they are made of.

7. Write to please just one person. If you open a window and make love to the world, so to speak, your story will get pneumonia.

8. Give your readers as much information as possible as soon as possible. To heck with suspense. Readers should have such complete understanding of what is going on, where and why, that they could finish the story themselves, should cockroaches eat the last few pages.

-- Vonnegut, Kurt Vonnegut, Bagombo Snuff Box: Uncollected Short Fiction (New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons 1999), 9-10.

Re: Kurt Vonnegut: Eight rules for writing fiction

Gee, don't tell Amy about #4!  (And what about theme and thesis?  And humor?)

Re: Kurt Vonnegut: Eight rules for writing fiction

Gee, don't tell NJC about #8! (BTW, this is the pot calling the kettle black. One reviewer used to call my book the 'unending story'.

Start as close to the end as possible.  Hmmmm. 

K, Superman wants the people around him to be happy. He could take over the world and be a benevolent dictator, but he choses to save one person at a time. He doesn't want more power. He doesn't want to make choices for others. He wants to be loved and live a normal life, but the greater good outweighs his personal preferences.

Re: Kurt Vonnegut: Eight rules for writing fiction

Very good rules, although I think I have most definitely failed on #8. tongue

-Elisheva

Re: Kurt Vonnegut: Eight rules for writing fiction

#8 cannot apply to a mystery.

Re: Kurt Vonnegut: Eight rules for writing fiction

KHippolite wrote:

Indeed. #4 doesn't leave much room for talking about the scene

I must disagree. You can "talk about the scene" (may I assume you mean describe a scene?) in action. You don't need to say it's raining and describe what a rainy street looks like.  Have your characters interact with the rain. You never need to describe a medieval city, even a fantastic, magical city.  Have you characters walk its streets and see the sights through their eyes.

Remember, the character always comes first. This is something George Lucas never understood or forgot. When Obi-won screams in fury, "You were suppose to be the chosen one! I loved you like a brother!" --we felt nothing. Zero.  Just a little 'well, that's how it happened.'

Fail, epic.

njc wrote:

#8 cannot apply to a mystery.

You're thinking of the last line. "And the killer is...THE BUTLER!"

That's not what Vonnegut is saying.  What he's saying is that when we learn it is the butler, we should never go, "No way! It can't be him." Instead, we should say, "Ah, yes. Now I get it! That's so cool!"

You may also be hung up with the phrase "To heck with suspense." Isn't suspence good? How else can we get the reader to want to keep reading! Indiana Jones has to hang from the fraying rope over a pit of hissing vipers.

Vonnegut is not talking about that. He's saying, "Don't hide the important stuff to make suspense."

Think of a murder mystery written in either the first person or the third person, single point of view when we are in the thoughts of the police detective.  We learn on the last chapter that the detective was the killer all along--and you throw the book against the wall and cuss like a truck driver at the author.  Why?  Because you NEVER have point-of-view characters withholding information. How had the POV detective somehow FAILED to even think about the fact that whoops, he murdered Johnny and Susan and Bill and Rodger and it somehow escapes their thoughts for the entire duration of the murder mystery?

Re: Kurt Vonnegut: Eight rules for writing fiction

A.T.Schlesinger wrote:

Think of a murder mystery written in either the first person or the third person, single point of view when we are in the thoughts of the police detective.  We learn on the last chapter that the detective was the killer all along--and you throw the book against the wall and cuss like a truck driver at the author.  Why?  Because you NEVER have point-of-view characters withholding information. How had the POV detective somehow FAILED to even think about the fact that whoops, he murdered Johnny and Susan and Bill and Rodger and it somehow escapes their thoughts for the entire duration of the murder mystery?

And yet writers have made it work!

Re: Kurt Vonnegut: Eight rules for writing fiction

njc wrote:

And yet writers have made it work!

Name one.

Re: Kurt Vonnegut: Eight rules for writing fiction

Israel Zangwill (have I got that right?) in The Big Bow Mystery.

Re: Kurt Vonnegut: Eight rules for writing fiction

There is only one rule for writing:
All rules are guidelines! wink

11 (edited by Norm d'Plume 2015-09-16 05:20:49)

Re: Kurt Vonnegut: Eight rules for writing fiction

First day of French class, the teacher tells us there's only one rule in French that doesn't have an exception, and this is it.

It remains to be seen how well I'm handling withholding of information. Two of my characters share a secret and pretend that they don't. And I don't want the reader to even know there is a secret. It's tricky trying to write the scenes when they're together while the POV character isn't thinking about the secret. So far only one of my readers has stumbled upon the fact that something's not right.

12 (edited by A.T.Schlesinger 2015-09-16 06:54:33)

Re: Kurt Vonnegut: Eight rules for writing fiction

janet reid wrote:

There is only one rule for writing: All rules are guidelines! wink

True.  If you and your friends are the only ones you want to read your books. I am far too pussy whipped by the system to ever believe this.

1. You must not write in Third person omniscient.
2. You may not use too many adjectives.
3. You may not switch POV in Third person, single point of view.
4. You must avoid "was" whenever possible. You may never use "very" except in dialogue. 
5. You may not use any speech tag other than said, asked, answered or replied. 

Sure, break these rules. Be a rebel. Maintain that your vision and power and passion of your storytelling will trump all these pointless guidelines. This is YOUR art, YOUR way. To hell with what readers,  publishers, agents and editors want.

Have fun on your little island with a single palm tree. Maybe a cruise ship will pass by and see you.


Norm d'Plume wrote:

It remains to be seen how well I'm handling withholding of information. Two of my characters share a secret and pretend that they don't. And I don't want the reader to even know there is a secret.

I have not read what you are talking about, but based on what you've said here, your setting yourself up for a big fall. The only way for this to work is to introduce a THIRD character who doesn't know the secret and stay with that person all the time. Even writing something like:

Jennifer rubbed her hands in anticipation. When Bill discovered the secret she was keeping, he'd either run screaming into the hills or ask her to marry him right there and then. Just two more days. This was going to be so good!

Nope.  Can't do it. Won't work.

Of course, you can always try. I dare you to prove me wrong.

13 (edited by njc 2015-09-16 07:06:26)

Re: Kurt Vonnegut: Eight rules for writing fiction

The best story I know, for long-running bit-by-bit release AND re-evaluation of information is Girl Genius, which I am sure I've mentioned before.  It's also slow-running and the author's have lampshaded the point: days take months when taken three short moments a week.  And it will take most of a day to archive-binge the 15 years already out.  To decide if you want it, try this, here, here, Young minions in love, and warriors in love.  (No, the guy in the striped shirt hasn't been explained yet.  The list of questions is getting longer.)

Re: Kurt Vonnegut: Eight rules for writing fiction

A.T.Schlesinger wrote:

1. You must not write in Third person omniscient.
2. You may not use too many adjectives.
3. You may not switch POV in Third person, single point of view.
4. You must avoid "was" whenever possible. You may never use "very" except in dialogue. 
5. You may not use any speech tag other than said, asked, answered or replied.

Regarding that last rule, I've actually been told the opposite on a few occasions, one of them being an actual Creative Writing 101 class.

I think all writing rules should be followed except when you are purposefully breaking one. I can't think of an example at the moment, but I've read books that have gone against one or two "rules" and it's actually worked. Thing is, the authors were obviously aware of these rules and went against them with intention.

-Elisheva

Re: Kurt Vonnegut: Eight rules for writing fiction

Elisheva Free wrote:

Thing is, the authors were obviously aware of these rules and went against them with intention.-Elisheva

Oh yes, absolutely. Stephen King shatters his own rules often. 

Therein lies the rube. When you're established and have a loyal following, you get piss all over the rules.  But just starting out? No, sorry.

About speech tags.  I know I am preaching here and I don't mean to offend anyone. This is Writing 101. 

Speech tags such as yelled, shouted, exclaimed, added (I love that one--it was a hard habit to break), explained, reported, etc--all these are the crutches of a lazy writer.

Writing 101:

Rodger opened the door and found his wife in bed with his best friend.

"What the hell are you doing?" he shouted.

"See?" his wife smirked. "I told you he's an idiot."

The problem: Can you imagine Rodger saying "What the hell are you doing?" in any other way than a shout? And it's so hollow!

He slammed the door and his hands became fists. "What the hell are you doing?"

His wife smirked. "See? I told you he's an idiot."

(...and don't even get me started on "smirked."  How does anyone smirk words? You can smirk and then say words or say words and then smirk. But try smirking and talking.  Try it now.  Seriously.)

Again, writing 101 and I don't mean to lecture or preach.  But "He slammed the door and his hands became fists" is so much better than "he shouted."

Yes?

Re: Kurt Vonnegut: Eight rules for writing fiction

Ah, I see what you mean. Nice example. I guess my style of writing doesn't involve very many speech tags in the first place. I'm not very good at dialogue, so I generally lean towards descriptive writing.

-Elisheva

17 (edited by njc 2015-09-16 22:24:50)

Re: Kurt Vonnegut: Eight rules for writing fiction

njc wrote:

Israel Zangwill (have I got that right?) in The Big Bow Mystery.

Strictly speaking, narrative, not thoughts ... but ...

In a more limited way, John Dickson Carr in The Secret of Castle Skull.

Don't forget the last story of The Old Man in the Corner by Emmuska, Barroness Orczy.

Or the last of the Drury Lane stories by Ellery Queen under the pseudonym Barnaby Ross.  The thematic clues are devilish.

One of Asimov's Black Widower shorts does this in a different way.

The more recent mysteries of Jane Haddam (Orania Pappazoglou) have us share some thoughts of every suspect, for character and sometimes backstory.

Re: Kurt Vonnegut: Eight rules for writing fiction

A.T.Schlesinger wrote:

True.  If you and your friends are the only ones you want to read your books. I am far too pussy whipped by the system to ever believe this.

1. You must not write in Third person omniscient.
2. You may not use too many adjectives.
3. You may not switch POV in Third person, single point of view.
4. You must avoid "was" whenever possible. You may never use "very" except in dialogue. 
5. You may not use any speech tag other than said, asked, answered or replied. 

Sure, break these rules. Be a rebel. Maintain that your vision and power and passion of your storytelling will trump all these pointless guidelines. This is YOUR art, YOUR way. To hell with what readers,  publishers, agents and editors want.

Have fun on your little island with a single palm tree. Maybe a cruise ship will pass by and see you.

Whoa! No need to take my comment personally or read more into it and putting words in my mouth as a result.

My opinion that there are no rules in writing is based on the risk that if every writer followed every rule to the letter at all times, writing will become boring, formulaic and non-differentiating, so I view it as guidelines. Rules starve creativity. Guidelines are optional, a personal choice, a decision to take it on-board or not. You can call it rules if you want to, I don't mind. For the same reason, I can call it guidelines though which, by the way, is saying nothing on whether I am disregarding the advice or not.

Nowhere did I imply that good advice should be ignored at all cost either, just that as writers we need to be careful of blindly following so-called rules as well as handing out blanket advice/so called rules. Neither did I imply that all and any advice ("rules") are useless - just that so-called rules can be challenged and should be challenged. I like what Elisheva said and 100% agree with her: go against the advice, but purposefully and deliberately. She said what I said/meant, just better.

I also believe rules should never be thrown around at will without any regard to whether it is applicable or not - it's about context and relevance. And I have also seen many so-called rules being thrown around with very little basis to back them up or understanding why the so-called rule exists in the first place. In this thread alone quite a few "rules" that you have posted have been challenged. Does it make it wrong/incorrect? No, of course not. Just that (1) care should be taken when "rules" are promoted and (2) that if you do, expect to be challenged on them (and even for doing so "blindly"). For most, I think most writers are in agreement most of the time on what is good writing, so it's not all doom and gloom and lonely little islands (where one disagrees or have a different opinion) necessarily.

YMMV.

Re: Kurt Vonnegut: Eight rules for writing fiction

A.T.Schlesinger wrote:
Elisheva Free wrote:

Thing is, the authors were obviously aware of these rules and went against them with intention.-Elisheva

Oh yes, absolutely. Stephen King shatters his own rules often. 

Therein lies the rube. When you're established and have a loyal following, you get piss all over the rules.  But just starting out? No, sorry.

About speech tags.  I know I am preaching here and I don't mean to offend anyone. This is Writing 101. 

Speech tags such as yelled, shouted, exclaimed, added (I love that one--it was a hard habit to break), explained, reported, etc--all these are the crutches of a lazy writer.

Writing 101:

Rodger opened the door and found his wife in bed with his best friend.

"What the hell are you doing?" he shouted.

"See?" his wife smirked. "I told you he's an idiot."

The problem: Can you imagine Rodger saying "What the hell are you doing?" in any other way than a shout? And it's so hollow!

He slammed the door and his hands became fists. "What the hell are you doing?"

His wife smirked. "See? I told you he's an idiot."

(...and don't even get me started on "smirked."  How does anyone smirk words? You can smirk and then say words or say words and then smirk. But try smirking and talking.  Try it now.  Seriously.)

Again, writing 101 and I don't mean to lecture or preach.  But "He slammed the door and his hands became fists" is so much better than "he shouted."

Yes?

Yes, much better. But as far as I understand (haven't read the books), the millions and millions of Fifty Shades of Grey readers disagree (side-note - I sincerely doubt EL James deliberately broke any of the rules). And therefore "breaking" the "rules" do not automatically equals "no readers, publishers, agents or editors" and only lonely, isolated islands. YMMV. Neither am I saying I think EL James is a good writer. *shudders*

Re: Kurt Vonnegut: Eight rules for writing fiction

janet reid wrote:

Yes, much better. But as far as I understand (haven't read the books), the millions and millions of Fifty Shades of Grey readers disagree (side-note - I sincerely doubt EL James deliberately broke any of the rules). And therefore "breaking" the "rules" do not automatically equals "no readers, publishers, agents or editors" and only lonely, isolated islands. YMMV. Neither am I saying I think EL James is a good writer. *shudders*

Haha, that last bit made me chuckle. smile I have actually read all of the 50 Shades books, primarily because the story itself was intriguing. I'm a sucker for a unique plot, even when it's poorly written. I even made it a book and a half into Twilight before I threw it to the wolves.

-Elisheva

21

Re: Kurt Vonnegut: Eight rules for writing fiction

A.T.Schlesinger wrote:

Rodger opened the door and found his wife in bed with his best friend.

"What the hell are you doing?" he shouted.

"See?" his wife smirked. "I told you he's an idiot."

The problem: Can you imagine Rodger saying "What the hell are you doing?" in any other way than a shout? And it's so hollow!

What about the dead cold of the grave, or the frustration of the polyamorist whose only concern is that if they don't get dressed soon they'll be late for the opera?